International Journal of Arts, Commerce, Science and Technology

Panchakarma, a core detoxification therapy of Ayurveda, is traditionally believed to restore dosha balance and eliminate accumulated toxins (âma). This review synthesizes scientific evidence on the physiological changes occurring before and after Panchakarma therapy across multiple biological systems. Historical Ayurvedic concepts of detoxification show notable parallels with modern biomedical parameters, including metabolism, inflammation, neurophysiology, gastrointestinal function, and cardiovascular regulation. Contemporary studies report alterations in metabolic markers such as plasma glucose, lipid profile, cortisol, thyroid hormones, uric acid, and creatinine, suggesting improved metabolic homeostasis. Evidence also indicates modulation of immune responses, enhanced parasympathetic activity, and changes in brainwave patterns following therapies such as Snehapana, Basti, Virechana, and related interventions. Digestive and gut microbiome changes—including variations in bile acids, motility, and short-chain fatty acids—highlight a possible mechanistic link between Panchakarma and microbial metabolite clearance. Cardiovascular findings show improved blood pressure, vascular flexibility, and heart-rate variability, particularly when Panchakarma is complemented with yogic breathing practices. Despite promising outcomes, methodological limitations, nonstandardized protocols, and small sample sizes restrict definitive conclusions. Overall, available evidence suggests that Panchakarma exerts multisystem physiological effects consistent with detoxification processes and warrants rigorous evaluation within integrative healthcare frameworks.